Nikkei 225

The Nikkei 225 (日経平均株価, Nikkei heikin kabuka, 日経225), more commonly called the Nikkei, the Nikkei index, or the Nikkei Stock Average (/ˈnɪkeɪ/, /ˈniːkeɪ/, or /nɪˈkeɪ/), is a stock market index for the Tokyo Stock Exchange (TSE). It has been calculated daily by the Nihon Keizai Shimbun (Nikkei) newspaper since 1950. It is a price-weighted index (the unit is yen), and the components are reviewed once a year. Currently, the Nikkei is the most widely quoted average of Japanese equities, similar to the Dow Jones Industrial Average. In fact, it was known as the "Nikkei Dow Jones Stock Average" from 1975 to 1985.

The Nikkei 225 began to be calculated on September 7, 1950, retroactively calculated back to May 16, 1949. Since January 2010 the index is updated every 15 seconds during trading sessions.

The Nikkei 225 Futures, introduced at Singapore Exchange (SGX) in 1986, the Osaka Securities Exchange (OSE) in 1988, Chicago Mercantile Exchange (CME) in 1990, is now an internationally recognized futures index.

Stock market

A stock market or equity market or share market is the aggregation of buyers and sellers (a loose network of economic transactions, not a physical facility or discrete entity) of stocks (also called shares); these may include securities listed on a stock exchange as well as those only traded privately.

Size of the market

Stocks can be categorized in various ways. One common way is by the country where the company is domiciled. For example, Nestlé and Novartis are domiciled in Switzerland, so they may be considered as part of the Swiss stock market, although their stock may also be traded at exchanges in other countries.

At the close of 2012, the size of the world stock market (total market capitalisation) was about US$55 trillion. By country, the largest market was the United States (about 34%), followed by Japan (about 6%) and the United Kingdom (about 6%). This went up more in 2013.

Stock exchange

A stock exchange is a place or organization by which stock traders (people and companies) can trade stocks. Companies may want to get their stock listed on a stock exchange. Other stocks may be traded "over the counter", that is, through a dealer. A large company will usually have its stock listed on many exchanges across the world.

The Nikkei

The Nikkei, formally known as The Nihon Keizai Shimbun (日本経済新聞, literally Japan Economic Newspaper), is Nikkei Inc.'s flagship publication and the world's largest financial newspaper, with a daily circulation exceeding three million.

The roots of the Nikkei started with an in-house newspaper department of Mitsui & Company in 1876 when it started publication of Chugai Bukka Shimpo (literally Domestic and Foreign Commodity Price Newspaper), a weekly market-quotation bulletin. The department was spun out as the Shokyosha in 1882. The paper became daily (except Sunday) in 1885 and was renamed Chugai Shogyo Simpo in 1889. It was merged with Nikkan Kogyo and Keizai Jiji and renamed Nihon Sangyo Keizai Shimbun in 1942. The paper changed its name to the Nihon Keizai Shimbun in 1946.

Nikkei 225, a stock market index for the Tokyo Stock Exchange, has been calculated by the newspaper since 1950.

As of the 30th of November 2015, Nikkei became the official owner of the Financial Times, having bought the newspaper from Pearson PLC.

Technical analysis

In finance, technical analysis is a security analysis methodology for forecasting the direction of prices through the study of past market data, primarily price and volume.Behavioral economics and quantitative analysis use many of the same tools of technical analysis, which, being an aspect of active management, stands in contradiction to much of modern portfolio theory. The efficacy of both technical and fundamental analysis is disputed by the efficient-market hypothesis which states that stock market prices are essentially unpredictable.

History

The principles of technical analysis are derived from hundreds of years of financial market data. Some aspects of technical analysis began to appear in Joseph de la Vega's accounts of the Dutch markets in the 17th century. In Asia, technical analysis is said to be a method developed by Homma Munehisa during early 18th century which evolved into the use of candlestick techniques, and is today a technical analysis charting tool. In the 1920s and 1930s Richard W. Schabacker published several books which continued the work of Charles Dow and William Peter Hamilton in their books Stock Market Theory and Practice and Technical Market Analysis. In 1948 Robert D. Edwards and John Magee published Technical Analysis of Stock Trends which is widely considered to be one of the seminal works of the discipline. It is exclusively concerned with trend analysis and chart patterns and remains in use to the present. Early technical analysis was almost exclusively the analysis of charts, because the processing power of computers was not available for the modern degree of statistical analysis. Charles Dow reportedly originated a form of point and figure chart analysis.

Closing the gap

Closing the gap is a term used in Australian society, referring to the inequalities in Aboriginal culture that creates a gap between Indigenous and non Indigenous Australians. The average age of death of an Aboriginal male is 11.5 and woman 9.5 years less than the average white Australian, this is a major example that there is a gap that needs to be closed in our society to get rid of Aboriginal inequalities. The main cause of this is lack of knowledge in health education and lack of funding going towards proper health systems being installed into rural communities where aboriginals are living.

Health

With such a difference in life expectancy between Indigenous and non Indigenous Australians shows that there is a massive issue of lack of health system, Aboriginals living in their rural communities do not have access to hospitals or medical help unless having to travel long distances to get there, this cost Aboriginals in need money that they do not have which leaves them avoiding the health system all together. Without medical help on hand people will be left without any knowledge of what is wrong and will not be taught anything that the doctors can share with them. The lack of health services is definitely contributing to the life expectancy gap, as Australians living in cities have 24 hour access to doctors and nurses allowing them to constantly monitor their health which makes them live a healthier lifestyle which leads to living longer.